The global automotive industry is undergoing a
profound transformation driven by the shift from
internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles to electric
vehicles (EVs), intensifying competition among global
manufacturers. This study examines the rise of BYD in
the global and Indonesian EV markets through strategic
human capital, technological innovation, and marketing
agility, with emphasis on the role of human resource
capabilities. Using a qualitative inductive approach
based on secondary data, evidence is synthesized from
annual reports, industry databases, and credible media
sources. Findings show that BYD’s rapid growth is
strongly supported by strategic human capital
expansion, intensive R&D talent development, and
continuous capability upgrading, which enable
technological innovation and market responsiveness. In
Indonesia, BYD achieved rapid market penetration and
significant EV market share shortly after entry. The
study concludes that competitive advantage in the EV
industry is driven by integrated strategic capabilities. It
is recommended that future research incorporates
primary data for deeper managerial insights. The study
is limited by reliance on secondary data and lack of
firm-level interviews.
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